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The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The study of mortars of masonry buildings in the city of Arles seems this way exemplary : mortars stemming from the same local technical patrimony show uses perfectly confined in the time, allowing us to advance hypotheses of dating for badly dated masonry structures.Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. At present, only a study of mortars according to their use and for a restricted “region” allows to perceive chronological evolutions with value of dating. The notions of “wanted”, “missed” and “involuntary” properties allow however to understand what, in the complex system of the lime mortar profession, will be generative of durability or unlike variability of mixtures, in answer to the visible and immediate quality of the material. It also puts the geographic limits of “the interest” for propagation of the innovations, often connected to local problems of supply in raw materials. The importance of the geologic environment is demonstrated, because it leads economic and technical choices, sometimes obliging the replacement of raw materials. This work allowed us to draw the general features of the profession (the structores and tectores common practices), to establish the relations between the mortar compositions and their “primary” and “secondary” architectural functions, then to perceive which are markers and motivations of the adaptations of mixtures. The petroarchaeological research on Gallo-Roman lime mortars is based on a simple analytical methodology (the observations by transmission optical microscopy) which brings the maximum of information about the building material and the various stages of its chaîne opératoire. His Clermont-Ferrand project thus combined technical innovations and local traditions, enabling him to realize a large-scale work that is fully representative of its context Yet at Clermont-Ferrand Viollet-le-Duc also made use of more modern and original materials and techniques of implementation, notably by employing zinc and large brick arches to support the nave’s roof. Similarly, he rebuilt a lead roof, reusing some of the on-site material and combining it with new imported materials. Viollet-le-Duc drew up plans for a façade entirely built from Volvic stone, reviving ancient stonecutting techniques while also employing modern methods of stonecutting and building in parts of the structure. Viollet-le-Duc’s project for completing the cathedral took its cue from the maintenance work and earlier completion projects elaborated by the diocese’s architect Aymon Mallay, who relied almost systematically on local materials.
These were mainly built from Volvic stone, a local volcanic rock that had been quarried and used for masonry essentially from the time of the medieval cathedral’s construction. At the time the latter consisted of a choir and a 14 th -century Gothic nave completed by an 11 th -century Romanesque façade on the west. Following Emperor Napoleon III’s visit to Clermont-Ferrand in 1862, Viollet-le-Duc began work on a project to finish its cathedral.
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